In the shimmering warmth of a tropical afternoon, a soft, repetitive whistle cuts through the dry air—toot… toot… toot. It’s a sound that floats over savannas, thorn scrub, and scattered trees, leading birders and curious naturalists to one of Panama’s most charismatic small raptors: the Ferruginous Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum).

Despite measuring only about 15 centimeters (6 inches), this owl carries the fierce demeanor of a much larger predator. It’s widespread across Central and South America and is commonly seen in Panama’s Pacific lowlands—especially in areas like Macanas Marsh and El Chirú, where open woodlands and scattered trees create ideal habitat.

Unlike most owls, the Ferruginous Pygmy Owl is often active during the day. It hunts from low perches, scanning for movement before swooping down to catch insects, lizards, small mammals, or even birds. Its hunting reputation is so formidable that its presence often provokes mobbing behavior—flocks of songbirds surround it, shouting alarm calls to warn others and try to chase it off.

Clad in warm, reddish-brown plumage with faint streaking and a tail marked by dark bands, this owl blends perfectly into the dry forest backdrop. But one of its most striking features is the pair of “false eyes” on the back of its head—black spots that may deter attacks from behind or confuse prey trying to anticipate its moves.

Ferruginous Pygmy Owls nest in tree cavities, often those left behind by woodpeckers. Their soft, tooting call—easy to imitate—can sometimes lure them into view, allowing a rare close encounter with this feisty miniature hunter. Though it remains common in many areas, continued habitat fragmentation in Panama’s dry zones highlights the need to protect these overlooked yet ecologically important landscapes.

Sources:

• Birds of Panama: A Field Guide by George R. Angehr and Robert Dean

• Global Owl Project species account

• Personal observations from Macanas Marsh and El Chirú, Panama

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