Ranging from southern Mexico through Central America and into much of South America, the Yellow-bellied Elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster) is one of the most widespread and adaptable flycatchers in the Neotropics (BirdLife International, 2023; Ridgely & Greenfield, 2001). It occupies a broad range of habitats—from dry scrub and secondary growth to forest edges and even urban parks—demonstrating impressive ecological flexibility that allows it to thrive in both pristine and highly disturbed environments.

Its distinctive, harsh “breeee” call often gives it away before it’s spotted, especially since its olive-green and yellow plumage blends seamlessly into surrounding foliage. Despite its inconspicuous appearance, the Yellow-bellied Elaenia reveals a dynamic foraging style, frequently flicking its tail and crest while actively searching for insects. In addition to insects, it consumes a wide variety of fruits, playing a significant role in seed dispersal within fragmented landscapes (Janzen, 1983). This dietary versatility, combined with its tolerance for human-altered habitats, helps explain its widespread distribution and ongoing success.

Unlike more specialized birds that rely strictly on intact forests, the Yellow-bellied Elaenia thrives amid environmental change, illustrating how adaptability and dietary breadth can serve as powerful survival strategies in human-modified ecosystems.

Sources:

• BirdLife International (2023). Species Factsheet: Elaenia flavogaster.

• Ridgely, R. S., & Greenfield, P. J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide.

• Stiles, F. G., & Skutch, A. F. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica.

• Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2004). Family Tyrannidae (Tyrant Flycatchers). In Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 9.

• Skutch, A. F. (1960). Life Histories of Central American Birds.

• Janzen, D. H. (1983). Seed dispersal by birds in tropical fragmented habitats.

• Remsen, J. V. Jr. (2023). Birds of South America: Passerines.

• eBird (2024). Species Account: Yellow-bellied Elaenia.