Ranging from southern Mexico through Central America and into much of South America, the Yellow-bellied Elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster) is one of the most widespread and adaptable flycatchers in the Neotropics. Found in a variety of habitats—from dry scrub and secondary growth to forest edges and even city parks—this species demonstrates an impressive ecological flexibility.

Its distinctive, harsh “breeee” call often gives it away before it’s spotted, especially since its olive-green and yellow plumage blends easily into foliage. Although it may seem inconspicuous, its behavior reveals a dynamic forager that frequently flicks its tail and crest while scanning for insects. It also consumes a wide range of fruits, contributing to seed dispersal in fragmented landscapes. This dietary versatility, along with its tolerance for disturbed environments, helps explain its success across such a vast geographic range.

Unlike more specialized birds that rely on intact forest, the Yellow-bellied Elaenia is thriving in a changing world—an example of how adaptability can be a powerful survival strategy in human-modified ecosystems.

Source:del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Christie, D.A. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.